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MoU Signed under RPL to Train over 3 Lakh Guards at FICCI-PSIC 2018
During the recently held FICCI – PSIC 2018 (3 August 2018), seventeen security guard agencies showed their commitment and came forward to sign MoUs with the Management and Entrepreneurship & Professional Skills Council (MEPSC) to impart training to over 3.17 lakh security guards under the government’s ‘Recognition of Prior Learning’ (RPL) scheme. The companies included SIS India, G4S, Peregrine, Checkmate, NISA, SMS Security, Orion, Terrier, Raxa-GMR and so on. Addressing a gathering of over 300 security professionals at the ‘Private Security Industry Conclave, Dharmendra Pradhan, Minister of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, GoI, said that the skilling of manpower is critical for private security industry which is growing at an annual rate of 20-25 percent. The industry must partner with the government in skilling, reskilling and upskilling of the workforce in order to meet the challenges of new RPL 4.0. “Glad that a MoU has been signed between the private security companies and the Management & Entrepreneurship and Professional Skills Council to train and certify over 3 Lakh personnel under Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) in the Private Security Industry.” – Dharmendra Pradhan, Minister of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, GoI He further said that there is a need to make the economy more formal. In other developed countries, skilling, reskilling and upskilling are the jobs of the industry, and the respective governments undergo partnership with the private sector for this purpose. The government of India has shown conviction in the industry and hence it has changed the policy to RPL 4.0. There is a need to increase the employable workforce in the country and bring them under the skilling ecosystem. “There’s a long list of things that we want the government to look into – skill is one of them. Apart from construction and logistics, the private security industry is among the top five sectors to create jobs in the country,” said Rituraj Sinha, the Chair, FICCI Committee of Private Security Industry, and Managing Director, SIS Group, “The sector has about 53 million security personnel registered with the government’s provident fund scheme.” Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) is a key element under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) scheme of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) which aims to impart skill based training to one crore people between 2016 – 2020. There is a large section of India’s unorganized workforce that is unskilled and semi-skilled who generally pick up skills and knowledge in an informal set up by observing people or working under their guidance or through complete self-learning. Even if they manage to get a job they may not be able to improve their skills. This also affects their productivity and quality of output. They need access to training programs and support from their employers to skill and upskill themselves. Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) is meant to help such workforce who get assessed, trained, and certified on their current competencies as per the National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF) levels. RPL also shows them a path to bridge their current knowledge and skill levels to reach a competency level or go for higher skills for professional growth. The RPL certification would be at par with the certifications awarded by various skill training programs in the country.
Government Assured Relief in GST Rate for Private Security Industry at FICCI PSIC – 2018
While inaugurating the FICCI – Private Security Industry Conclave on 3 August 2018, Shiv Pratap Shukla, Minister of State for Finance, GoI, assured the private security industry that the Finance Ministry is actively considering FICCI’s recommendations to reduce the GST rate levied on the private security agencies to minimise its impact on the industry and capitalise on its job-creation potential. FICCI organized its annual event PSIC – 2018 on the theme of – ‘Job Creation & Skill Development.’ “There is a merit in the demand for reduction of GST rate to 5% as this industry generates about 5 lakh jobs yearly. Moreover, security is no longer a luxury but a basic essential for the citizens of the country. If we aim to cultivate a strong economy, the basic entitlements of the citizens cannot be compromised. ” – Rituraj Sinha The Chair of FICCI Committee on Private Security Industry, & Group MD, SIS Group Mr. Shukla said that the government acknowledges the contributions of the private security industry in creating jobs for the poor, ex-servicemen and those who have migrated from villages, and promised that he would do the best possible to reduce the tax. He invited a FICCI delegation to his office to discuss and take the matter further. Mr. Shukla also released a FICCI-BDO Report relating to PSI that dwells upon the skill development and jobs creation, policy issues, GST implication and its impact, shift from the unorganized to organized sector, and the need of integration of manpower and technology. Since its inception, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) has been a major impediment for the Private Security Industry in India which is one of the largest employment generating industries of the country. At the PSIC 2018, the FICCI Private Security Committee, which has been in consistent pursuit with the government on GST, reiterated the issue and sought a roll down of the GST rate from 18% to 5% slab. Rituraj Sinha, the Chair of FICCI Committee on Private Security Industry, and Group MD, SIS Group pointed out that there is a merit in the demand for reduction of GST rate to 5% as this industry generates about 5 lakh jobs yearly. Moreover, security is no longer a luxury but a basic essential for the citizens of the country. If we aim to cultivate a strong economy, the basic entitlements of the citizens cannot be compromised. Private Security has emerged as an essential service to support the government machinery in homeland security activities. With a reduction in tax, pressure from customers on manpower reduction is likely to ease significantly and that will result in job protection for private security guards. A lower rate is also likely to boost the volume of work orders, thereby paving way for demand expansion, and the resultant increase in skill development activities as well as employment generation by the private security sector Mr. Sinha clarified that they find a genuine intent on the part of the government to pass GST relief to the industry that would benefit the small players as well who are bearing an additional burden of the cost of interests on the amount of GST that they borrow to pay the levy in advance. Major Manjit Rajain (Retd.), Co-Chair of FICCI Committee on PSI & Chairman, Peregrine Guarding, was also optimistic about the serious inclination on the part of the government to give GST relief to PSI. Sandip Somany, Senior Vice President of FICCI, and Vice Chairman and MD, HSIL Ltd. opined that the private security agencies are mainly SME segments that operate on very thin margins. It is challenging for them to cope with the requirements of the GST compliances, as the high GST rate of 18% has imbalanced their cash-flows. FICCI’s recommendations on GST relief are pending with the government from the past few months.
Private Security Agencies Hold Nationwide Peaceful Protest against the Imposition of GST under the Banner of CAPSI
Implementation of the ‘Reverse Charge Mechanism’ for the payment of GST demanded to save the interests of the industry Under the aegis of CAPSI, huge gatherings of owners and employees of the private security industry across the country staged nationwide peaceful protests on 18 July 2018 against the existing modus of GST rules which in principle, largely goes in contradiction to the business module of the industry, and has brought various security agencies to the verge of closure owing to the imposed unwarranted financial burden. The major impediment stems from the fact that GST is due to be deposited every month without fail while agencies receive payments for their respective services after 60 to 90 days. They demanded immediate implementation of the ‘Reverse Charge Mechanism’ whereby the payment of GST is done to the government directly by the recipients of the security services and not by the private security agencies, the service provider. This mechanism hardly impacts the revenue collection of the government. “ The private security industry is one of the largest job providers employing over 80 lakh people, mostly retired personnel from the armed forces and the para-military forces. Most of the security guards come from the rural and economically poor backgrounds. Any government decision resulting in the closure of even one average security agency could mean unemployment to a large number of security guards causing large scale unemployment in the rural sector.” – Kunwar Vikram Singh , Chairman, CAPSI The Delhi Chapter of CAPSI held their protest at the India Gate where hundreds of security professionals gathered in black T-shirts to support the cause. The Chairman of CAPSI, Kunwar Vikram Singh was also present there. They showed their respect to the martyrs by laying the wreath at the Amar Jawan Jyoti before the protest. “During the last six months, we have raised this issue with the government at various levels to highlight problems being faced by the industry. We made representations to the Ministry of Finance, the GST Commissioner, the Competition Commission of India (CCI), and the MSME and so on, demanding the streamlining of the GST mechanism for our industry; but no viable solutions have come forth leaving CAPSI with no other option than to hold a protest. The major issue which forces owners to close their companies is the methodology of depositing GST. The GST regulations mandate the security agencies to deposit tax on the 20th of every month when bills are raised; however, the payments against these bills are received after 60 to 90 days, or even more. This gap impacts the cash flows of our low-margin industry badly causing us to carry huge back-breaking burdens,” said Kunwar Vikram Singh, “The logical remedy to this problem is the introduction of the ‘Reverse Charge Mechanism,’ whereby the principal employer (to whom the security guards are outsourced) pay GST on due date and claim its refund later. This will reduce the financial burden on the owners of the private security agencies.” “Security service industry essentially recruits, trains, and then provides jobs to the trained manpower; which along with other statutory costs constitute about 90% of our billing amount. Our margin ranges up to 5% only. TDS at the rate of 2% of the billing amount further erodes the margins. Low margins coupled with delays in payments create a huge pressure on the cash flows in the industry. Most of the players often find it extremely difficult to pay even wages on time, besides to comply with the statuary requirements of depositing dues like PF and ESI. Under such circumstances the additional burden of GST is unbearable. The implementation of the ‘Reverse Charge Mechanism’ in GST is the only way out,” Mr. Singh concludes. The protest saw an active involvement of APDI as well.
SIS India Acquires SLV Security Services
Security & Intelligence Services (India) Limited has recently entered into a strategic partnership with SLV Security Services Private Limited whereby it acquires a stake of 51% in SLV. Headquartered in Gurugram, SLV was founded by Vishal Swara and Shyam Swara and was incorporated in 1986. The company provides physical security, electronic surveillance, event security/ management, and security consulting services. The business currently generates annual revenues of over Rs.240 crores with the majority of them coming from the National Capital Region (NCR). The company has over 650 customers and operates in 1,575 sites. “SLV is a well-recognized brand with a strong franchise in the NCR region and several blue-chip clienteles. We are glad to have SLV in SIS Group and we look forward to leveraging our partnership to become a much more dominant player in the region which will take us closer to our goal of being the No. 1 security services company in India. Our M&A strategy is focussed on becoming the leader in key micro markets and NCR market is one of them.” Rituraj Sinha Group Managing Director, SIS Group As per the understanding, Vishal Swara will continue as the Managing Director of SLV to drive the growth of the company further. He will be responsible for the day to day management, and will also determine the strategic directions of the business together with the SLV Board. Over the next few years, SIS will increase its shareholding in SLV in the mutually agreed manner. This is the first strategic transaction for SIS since its IPO. Last year, the company had notified the stock market about its Rs.1000 crore acquisition/ investment corpus. Mr. Swara said, “SLV has been a well-recognized name in the security services space with several marquee clients being served over the last many years. With this strategic partnership with SIS, we will enhance our ability to service existing clients through new solutions, as well as increase our presence with new customers and in new geographies. Together, we believe that we can achieve a higher growth rate and capture a larger share of the huge security market in India.” Rituraj Sinha, Group Managing Director, SIS Group commented on the acquisition, “SLV is a well-recognized brand with a strong franchise in the NCR region and several blue-chip clienteles. We are glad to have SLV in SIS Group and we look forward to leveraging our partnership to become a much more dominant player in the region which will take us closer to our goal of being the No. 1 security services company in India. Our M&A strategy is focussed on becoming the leader in key micro markets and NCR market is one of them.” The Indian security market is estimated to be of the worth of Rs.70, 000 crores, and it is growing at a rate of 20% per annum, as per a Frost & Sullivan Report. The NCR market is growing at a faster clip with the concentration of economic activities, residential developments and infrastructure spend by the Central and State governments. SIS has been looking to consolidate its market share in key geographies like these with an objective to emerge as India’s largest security services provider. Through this strategic partnership, the SIS-SLV combine shall secure the highest market share in the Gurugram- NCR market. Earlier, SIS had launched its first B2C service in Gurugram in 2017, under the brand name vProtect which is a home alarm, monitoring and response solution. The SIS-SLV partnership is also expected to offer valuable synergies in targeting the residential market in Gurugram. KPMG acted as the transaction advisor to SLV for this strategic partnership.
Dahua Road Shows
Dahua Technology, a leading solution provider of the global video surveillance industry organized another series of roadshows in Chennai, Jodhpur, Gwalior and Mumbai. The theme of the roadshows was ‘Partnering To Enable A Safer & Smarter Living.’ These roadshows were successfully organized by Dahua Technology along with its national partner M/s. Aditya Infotech. Commenting on the success of these roadshows, Robbin Shen, Managing Director, Dahua Technology India Pvt. Ltd. said, “I am indeed overwhelmed by the enthusiastic response in all these cities which clearly shows that our technological innovation, quality, and services to clients and customers are well accepted here in India. This encourages and motivates our team to give out their best. More awareness has been created as more customers throng to our security products.” The events were hosted in top-class and easily accessible venues in each city. The first 50 registered visitors were given early bird gifts. There were live demonstrations in all these cities on security products displayed for the benefit of the visitors. The customers were happy to get hands-on experience in operating Dahua products. Dahua officials freely mixed with customers responded to the queries and cleared their doubts. The road shows in these cities created a special bond between the Dahua brand lovers and the company and helped enhance its brand awareness among the people. “Roadshows are very important to us that help accomplish our mission of enabling a safer society and smarter living.” – Robbin Shen Managing Director, Dahua Technology India Pvt. Ltd.
Hikvision Showcases Innovations in AI Enabled Security Solutions at SAFE 2018
Hikvision showcased its innovations in AI enabled security solutions at the 4th edition of the Security and Fire Expo (SAFE) South India (28-30 June) held in Hitex Exhibition Center, Hyderabad. SAFE was inaugurated by T V Sashidhar Reddy, IPS, Addl. Director, RBVRR (Telangana State Police Academy) and R Nanda Kumar, President, Electronic Security Association of India among other key dignitaries. The expo brought together internationally renowned exhibitors, consultants, industry experts and key government officials on a single platform from the Indian and the international industries. Commenting on the SAFE 2018, Ashish P Dhakan, MD and CEO, Prama Hikvision India said, “For Hikvision, SAFE 2018 is the gateway to South India’s fast growing market, we expect this platform to grow as a force multiplier for the security industry. Being at the forefront of artificial intelligence and deep learning technologies, Hikvision is committed to offer best-in-class technology and innovations for vertical specific solutions related to smart cities, safe cities, transportation, BFSI, oil & gas, airport & seaport, real estate, education, hospitality, pharma & healthcare.” He further added, “We are hopeful that all our latest products and cuttingedge AI technology applications will add value to the end-users quest for an evolved and intelligent security solution.” Hikvision showcased the vast range of latest products and solutions including AI technology (face recognition/ people tracking/ perimeter protection), command control centre, thermal cameras, video door phone, access control system, intrusion (pyronix), ezviz products, HDTVI 5.0, Easy IP 3.0, intelligent transport solutions, swing barriers, under vehicle surveillance system and transmission solutions. Hikvision’s storage partner SEAGATE also showcased the latest storage solutions at Hikvision’s booth. Hikvision booth at SAFE 2018 witnessed good footfall and relevant visitors including security professionals, dealers, distributors, system integrators, consultants, business experts, key government officials and end users from across all verticals.
Benefits of Edge Analytics Camera
Edge analytics refers to the approach adopted by companies towards data collection and analysis. So, instead of waiting for the data to arrive at a centralized location or data store, it is analyzed by means of automated computation at the network switch or device. As the Internet of Things or IoT gains momentum, edge analytics is becoming crucial for companies worldwide. The massive glut of data that gets collected over time is impossible to manage unless of course you have proper analytics algorithm in place. Edge analytics can save time, though full efficiency can be attained only if you have a good edge analytics camera. The role of edge analytics varies depending on the type of algorithms used and the kind of data that needs to be analyzed. So, if you are using an edge analytics enabled camera in a highly sensitive area, the camera can be configured to trigger an alarm on any kind of unusual movement in the zone of coverage so as to alert the respective system operators or managers about the same. This kind of arrangement helps managers efficiently manage their facility. Scalability is yet another benefit that is making edge analytics extremely popular. Despite the vast number of connected devices, organizations do not feel the strain of processing such high volumes of data. Edge analytics, which is nothing but built-in intelligence within the camera, helps reduce the processing load on the server. It empowers the network video recorders or the NVRs to perform more efficiently. It also offsets the additional cost of having on-board analytics since the network bandwidth and storage requirements are less stringent. Edge analytics uses several algorithms to learn a particular situation and create alarms based on anomalies. Commonly used edge analytics include motion detection, loitering detection, wire cross detection, intrusion detection, abandon detection, loss detection, face detection, people counting, crowd density detection, crowd gathering detection, fights detection, queue length detection, customer focus detection, exceptional sound detection etc. The specifications of the edge analytics camera should therefore be strong enough to capture such intelligent information. –Milind Borkar, Vice President – India, Middle East & Africa
Axis Communications Announces ‘Eye Connect 2018’
4th edition event focusing on integrated security solutions 8 – 10 August, 2018 | Venue: The Anantapur, Udaipur Axis Communications and its Alliance partners, announced the 4th edition of their integrated security solutions showcase event ‘Eye Connect 2018.’ The theme of the three day event is ‘Integrated Security Solution – From Myth to Reality,’ and is focused on solutions to address end customer requirements. With an outstanding support and feedback from their previous editions, they are confident that this year event will also be able to create a holistic system of surveillance, analytics, storage, video management, access control and network control. Axis Communications and its physical security information management (PSIM) partners have come together on a platform to showcase the latest innovations in segments like retail, hospitality, education, critical infrastructure, manufacturing, oil & gas, transportation and smart cities. “We wanted to integrate multiple disparate security systems such as video surveillance, access control, perimeter intrusion detection, fire and safety, public address, storage and building management. With Eye Connect 2018, we want to address challenges and provide informed decisions to leverage investments and ROI on end-to-end surveillance deployment.” – Sudhindra Holla Sales Director, India & SAARC, Axis Communications Surveillance is moving beyond security to other applications and the role of a camera has moved on from passive to intelligent surveillance. As a result, intelligent video is not only used as a security tool, but is emerging as a tool for gathering business intelligence and other applications. With the development and application of technology, it further brings with it a range of challenges for end users, installers and consultants. Additionally, these challenges demand that one has a complete clarity around how he can proactively use technology to manage a seamless integration of various security components. ‘Eye Connect 2018’ will focus on segment wise approach across retail, hospitality, education, critical infrastructure, manufacturing, oil & gas, pharma & healthcare, transportation and smart cities amongst others. ‘Eye Connect 2018’ will bring the industry leaders and customers on the same platform to interact, share knowledge and best practices and showcase solutions in the PSIM space. Eye Connect 2018 is an exclusive by invite event. Physical Security Information Management (PSIM) Partners Axis Communications (Video Surveillance) Allied Telesis (Network Infrastructure) Milestone Systems (Video Management Software) Solus (Access Control) Veracity (transmission, storage and display) Herta (Facial Recognition) Pivot3 (storage)
Reducing Downtime for the Surveillance System
It seems that everywhere you look, there is a surveillance camera looking back at you. Video surveillance has become an absolute necessity for every type of organization – whether it be retail, hospitality, gaming, education, infrastructure or government – or any other type of business. When a crime is committed or a tragedy occurs, there is now an expectation that it will have been recorded on video, and this usually proves to be true. As a society, we have come to depend on this video to provide us with the documentation we need in many different types of situations. However, our video surveillance systems are under constant attack. Every day, thousands of video cameras are knocked out of service, not by criminals with evil intent, but by something much more lethal and simple i.e., power surges. In fact, between normal fluctuations of power, lightning strikes and other power disruptions, virtually every video surveillance camera is at risk of going out of service either temporarily or permanently. When your surveillance system experiences a power surge, there are three possible negative outcomes: damage, destruction and downtime. A damaged or destroyed system requires repair or replacement, which can be extremely costly and time-consuming. But the downtime caused by this damage or destruction is by far the worst consequence of power surges. When a video surveillance system is no longer functional, it has much wider consequences for the organization that put it into place. When surveillance systems stop functioning, it becomes more difficult for security teams to do their jobs effectively. If there is a theft or other crime committed while video cameras are down, it will be much more difficult to identify the criminal without video of the incident. Hazardous situations like an ice patch on an outside walkway could go unnoticed while numerous individuals lose their footing on the spot, until someone falls, breaks an arm and sues the company. Liability will rise accordingly without video to confirm whether a claim is false. Facilities must be evacuated when the fire alarm systems stop functioning. When security systems are out of service, parking lots, doors, and secure areas may need to be patrolled by temporary guards at an additional cost. There is also a loss of productivity if staff is delayed by congestion and manual processes at entrances, or if their work equipment and/ or work data is damaged or lost. Downtime can also cause a potential loss of customer confidence and business volume. If a customer uses social media to complain about a website being down for a few hours, the resulting negative impact can be detrimental to a business for an extended time. To help avoid this type of situation, there are steps security professionals can take, both during the installation process and after systems are in place. Installing surge protection to keep systems up and running in the event of a power surge is simple, and as these examples show, the ROI is immense. As surveillance systems are the eyes and ears of a business, it’s crucial to keep downtime as minimal as possible. Downtime and its impact on specific verticals Billions of dollars are lost each year by businesses and other organizations due to theft, false injury claims, vandalism and more, highlighting the importance of maintaining fully operational video surveillance systems. Beyond the shared concerns of identifying criminals, providing evidence etc., downtime presents a number of different specific threats to various vertical markets. Safe cities In the past few years municipalities have become enormously dependent on surveillance video to help with in vestigations. Often this video provides the only evidence to identify individuals and prove criminal action. As more and more cities deploy video surveillance, the number of incidents where it is proven to be irreplaceable as a security resource will only continue to grow. And because so much of the infrastructure for municipal surveillance is installed outdoors in exposed locations, it is more vulnerable to the risk of downtime due to lightning strikes and other unprotected surge sources. Casinos and gaming For casinos and other gaming establishments, compliance regulations require video surveillance to be up and running 100% of the time. If video is interrupted at any time, business operations must be shut down completely, causing total loss of business revenue until the system can be repaired or replaced. No casino could survive a complete business stoppage for long – making downtime a virtually fatal situation. Higher education and K-12 The number of risk factors present on school campuses is immense – from abduction of students to vandalism or theft, and much more. For every one of these adverse events, video surveillance is of vital importance for apprehending thieves, kidnappers and other criminals; and with so many different life safety and other electronic/ electrical systems in place, the possibility rises for a power strike or surge that would cause devastating downtime. Retail Stores, malls and all types of retail establishments absolutely require their video surveillance systems to be up and running in order to protect them against losses from shoplifting, sweet-hearting, vandalism and more. Without a working surveillance system many of these crimes would simply go undetected, though their negative effect on the bottom line would be unmistakable. Retailers literally cannot afford downtime. A simple step to protect devices To avoid the possibility of downtime for the video surveillance system, it is imperative to include surge protection devices in your planning right from the start, and anytime you expand, improve or install a surveillance system. Surge protection is quite easy and reasonable in cost to add, and it is an insurance policy for your organization, providing protection from every type of power event. For video surveillance systems, it is recommended that surge protection be installed at every external camera, including outdoor PoE or PoE+ IP cameras. Surges can travel through cabling from a remote device, damage or destroy a network switch, and possibly cause further issues with other switch-connected devices such as servers running VMS software. If…
The Influence of Lens Selection
Image resolution versus field of view One important, but often neglected consideration in video surveillance systems design is the trade-off between image resolution and field of view. With any given combination of camera and lens the native resolution from the camera is spread over the entire field of view of the lens, determining pixel density and image resolution. The wider the resolution is spread, the lower the pixel density, the lower the image resolution or image detail. The images below, taken with the same camera from the same distance away, illustrate this trade-off. The widest field of view allows you to cover the widest area but does not allow you to see high detail, while the narrowest field of view permits capture of high detail at the expense of wide area coverage. The next series of images, each taken with the same high resolution camera from the same distance away similarly illustrates the trade-off of high detail and ability to identify a person when using a wide angle of view lens and the ability to cover a wide area. Other ways to improve image detail So now you see the trade-off. You would like to cover the whole area, but unfortunately you are not able to read the license plate. What to do? At this point, there are a few other variables that you may be able to change in your system design to improve image detail. First is the distance from the camera to the subject. If possible, the installer could improve the image detail by moving the camera closer to the subject. This may be feasible in a new installation, but in an existing system this may be limited by the physical constraints of the location and the system, as well as costs associated with re-cabling. Moving closer improves the image detail, but field of view is reduced. The second variable that may be changed is the camera resolution. By selecting a higher resolution camera with a higher starting number of pixels and spreading them over the same field of view as before, the pixel density will be higher and the resulting image detail will be better. Of course, this assumes you can make that change in your system and you can support the likely higher priced hardware and data storage needs required with higher resolution systems. The higher resolution, data intensive cameras will also lower the frame rate of the system which must also be kept in mind especially with industry specific standards and requirements. Use available tools There are many useful tools available to help support systems design and correct equipment selection. One of those is Theia’s own image resolution and lens calculator. The calculator allows you to input some important details of your application and potential equipment, then quickly calculates image resolution with those assumptions. You input the camera resolution and sensor size you intend to use, the lens field of view you believe you need, then input your key project variables – either how much resolution you think you need in terms of pixel density, how much coverage you need in distance (feet or meters), or how far away the camera is from the subject. The tool then calculates the other variables for you. For example, you indicate you plan to use a 5 megapixel 1/2.5” sensor camera, a 3mm lens and you will be 50 feet away from your subject. The tool will calculate your pixel density – in this case 27 pixels/ foot, and coverage width – here 97 feet wide. The tool then provides an image that represents the level of image resolution you would get for your selected variables allowing you to quickly see if you have enough resolution to meet the needs of your application. The newest iPhone and iPad versions of Theia’s calculator App include enhancements that allow users to input the camera height and/ or camera angle so that one can tell if a person’s head, for example, will be covered in the image given different distances from the camera. The latest version also allows the user to introduce a level of jpeg noise so that the resulting image more accurately reflects real world conditions. The importance of lens selection If you decide to increase your image resolution by increasing the camera resolution, you must also consider lens selection. The lens needed for an IP/ megapixel camera is much different than the lens needed for a traditional analog camera. These higher resolution cameras demand higher performance lenses in order to take full advantage of the increased resolution. For instance, in a megapixel camera, the focal plane spot size of the lens must be comparable or smaller than the pixel size on the sensor (Figures A and B below), otherwise the light falls off the pixel resulting in a fuzzy image.Using a standard resolution lens with a 5 megapixel camera will produce a blurry image. Most often if you want to take advantage of all the pixels a multi megapixel camera provides, a high quality lens with matching resolution is needed otherwise the money spent on a high resolution camera is wasted. One would assume, then, that all someone specifying a megapixel camera needs to do is specify a megapixel lens. However, it’s not that simple and in many cases it can be quite difficult to ensure that the lens needed is the lens being offered. Traditionally, just about any decent lens would do the job for traditional analog cameras so specifying the lens wasn’t a problem. As a result, too many designers and integrators are still unaware that for megapixel cameras not all lenses are created equally. In megapixel cameras the pixel size and the required lens spot size varies depending on the size of sensor and quantity of pixels it contains. You can have 2 different cameras, both 1.3 megapixel, but if the sensor size is not the same the pixel size will be different. The figures below illustrate this. In selecting a lens it…