The Future of Drones and How They can Transform the Defense and Homeland Security Sector in India
Rohit Dey, Architect – Drone Solutions, Mistral Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Drones, also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Miniature Pilotless Aircrafts, or Flying Mini Robots, are fast gaining popularity and have become the weapon of choice in modern warfare, used by both state and non-state organisations. Drones are becoming increasingly indispensable, considering their high level of efficacy, low cost, and low visibility. Drones are still in their infancy in terms of mainstream adoption and usage, but they have already broken-down traditional boundaries in industries that were previously thought impenetrable by similar technical advancements. Drones have become crucial to the functioning of numerous enterprises and governmental organisations over the last few years, piercing through sectors where specific industries such as industrial, defense, oil and gas, search and rescue etc., were either stagnant or lagging behind. Drones have been around for more than couple of decades, however, their origin can be traced back to World War I, when the United States and France collaborated to develop autonomous, unmanned warplanes. Drone technology has evolved and thrived in recent years, from technically staffing critical military regions to enticing enthusiasts all over the world. The last decade has been noteworthy in terms of drone acceptance, industry utilisation, development, and worldwide awareness. Types of Drones and Their Applications Typically, Drones are categorised into three major platforms – Fixed wing, Rotary wing, Hybrid VTOLs (Combination of fixed and rotary wing Vertical Take-off Landing). Further, they are also classified based on their Size (nano, micro, small, medium & large), weight, flying characteristics, type of energy source etc. Fixed wing UAV platforms, which are already operational in leading defense forces worldwide, are used for long range missions due to their characteristics like high speed, fuel consumption, flying altitude, and far greater payload capabilities. Fixed wing UAVs require moderate to larger space to take-off and land as they are launched either by hand, catapults or airstrips depending on the wingspan of the aircraft. Rotary wing UAVs, commonly known as Helicopter or Rotorcrafts, can be classified in to sub categories such as Single rotor (similar to conventional helicopters with main rotor and tail rotor), Multirotor (more than one rotor – bi, tri, quad, hexa, octa etc.) & hybrid platforms. Rotor UAVs, due to their unique ability to take off & land vertically from very limited and compact space, is finding increased applications in homeland security and military applications. The ability of these drones to hover for long duration make them ideal for search and rescue operations, small-cargo delivery, ISR, and border surveys, among others. VTOL is a very unique platform with massive capabilities and extensive operationality for Defense applications. This platform can take off and land like helicopters, hover and also fly around in Heli-mode, and can also be switched to fixed wing and fly like an airplane with speeds higher than helicopters. Drones have proved to be incredibly advantageous in locations where humans cannot access or function in a fast and effective manner, be it making rapid deliveries during rush hour or rushing supplies to an unreachable military post. Increased efficiency and productivity, reduced workload and production costs, enhanced accuracy and minimal security challenges are just a few of the many benefits drones provide organisations throughout the world. Drone technology adoption across sectors jumped from the fad stage to the standard operational stage very fast, as more and more firms realised their potential, scope, and applications. Drones, whether operated by a remote or a smartphone app, have the capacity to reach the most remote regions with the least amount of effort, time, and energy. This is one of the primary reasons that they are being accepted globally, particularly by sectors like: military, commercial, personal, cinema, agriculture, police, government, AI based applications. Some of the Drone applications include: Long distance ISR. Law enforcement and border surveillance. Self-destructing target systems. Short range armed drones for combat. Swarm operations for both military and entertainment applications. Network connectivity system. Emergency/ disaster management. Search and rescue operations. Rapid fire fighting aerial system. Express shipping and delivery. Perimeter surveillance and safety inspections. Geographic survey and mapping of inaccessible terrain and locations. Precision crop monitoring. Storm tracking and forecasting hurricanes and tornadoes. Drones in Defence Ecosystem Today, Drones have become an integral element of armed forces across the world, serving as target decoys, combat operations, research and development among others. Military spending, according to recent projections, will continue to be the primary growth driver for drones in the coming years. According to these projections, worldwide military spending on drones is expected to cross $70+ billion in 2022, and these drones will play a critical role in resolving future wars replacing human pilots. Military funds also tend to come in bigger amounts, with a single US Predator drone costing around $4 million, and overall programme spending estimated at nearly $2.4 billion. Defense forces have been using fixed wing UAVs for a few decades to conduct unmanned aerial surveillance and launch strikes in addition to using them as electronic decoys and Radar jammers. Fixed wing UAVs have their own advantages, however, rotary wing UAVs, due to the unique capabilities are considered the future of warfare. Lately, defense forces have been considering rugged special purpose tactical drones for military research, intelligence gathering at borders and to carry out combat missions beyond enemy lines. The Indian army, in the recent past, has taken various initiatives to strengthen the high-altitude border areas using drones of various capacities and capabilities. The Army is considering the induction of a wide range of Drones with varying capabilities for applications such as high-altitude heavy payload delivery, continuous border surveillance, combat and cross-border ISR among others. Heavy Payload Drones The northern and eastern borders of our country is extremely hostile and harsh with altitude ranging from 5000 to 20000 Ft, heavy snow fall during winter, presence of glaciers and treacherous mountain ranges. The most critical challenge which the Indian Army faces at these heights is the transportation of essential goods like fuel, food, medical kits &…